https://szidatabase.org/the-science/https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/szicountings-crameri2020_szidatabase1-light.pngSubduction initiation statistics -Crameri2020-SZIdatabasehttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/szicountings-crameri2020-szidatabase1-dark-2.pngSubduction initiation statistics-Crameri et al 2020-SZIdatabase1-darkhttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/szitiming_crameri2020_szidatabase1-dark.pngsubduction zone formation timing - Crameri et al 2020-SZIdatabase1-darkhttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/szitypes_szidatabase_cramerietal2020.pngsubduction initiation types-SZIdatabase-CrameriEtAl2020https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/sziforcing_szidatabase_cramerietal2020.pngSubduction initiation forcing-SZIdatabase-CrameriEtAl2020https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/szicountings-crameri2020-szidatabase1-tr.pngSubduction initiation statistics -Crameri2020-SZIdatabasehttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/szitiming_crameri2020_szidatabase1-light.pngSubduction initiation event timing-Crameri et al 2020-SZIdatabase1-lighthttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/szigeologicevidence.pngSZI geologic Evidence2025-07-12T08:38:03+00:00weekly0.6https://szidatabase.org/contribute/2025-07-12T08:14:49+00:00weekly0.6https://szidatabase.org/forum/2025-07-11T10:57:55+00:00weekly0.6https://szidatabase.org/team/https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/img_0014.jpgIMG_0014https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/valentina.pngValentina Magnihttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/matthew.pngMathew Domeierhttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/kiran.pngKiran Chotaliahttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/marcel.pngMarcelhttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/grace.pngGrace Shephardhttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/kalijn.pngKalijn Petershttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/george.pngGeorge Cooperhttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/derya.pngDerya Gürerhttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/elvira.pngElvira Mulyukova2025-07-11T09:04:21+00:00weekly0.6https://szidatabase.org/glossary/2025-07-05T16:18:36+00:00weekly0.6https://szidatabase.org/database/2025-07-05T16:16:40+00:00weekly0.6https://szidatabase.org/resources/https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/image.pngimage2025-07-05T16:06:05+00:00weekly0.6https://szidatabase.org/2025/07/02/new-hebrides-new-britain-subduction-zone-initiation/https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/szivotemap_new-britain-new-hebrides.pngSZI vote Map-New Britain-New HebridesSeismic tomography VoteMap (Shephard et al., 2017) analysis of the New Hebrides-New Britain SZI event.https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/san-cristobal-new-hebrides_event_eq.jpgSan-Cristobal-New-Hebrides-EventNew Hebrides – New Britain SZI event as reconstructed in the model of Müller et al. (2016). Pink dashed (solid with teeth) line shows the New Hebrides – New Britain SZI trench 1 Myr before (at) SZI time in the model. Purple (red) lines show segments of neighbouring subduction zones (ridges and transforms) that lie within some radius of the New Hebrides – New Britain SZI trench (pink line); the brightness of the colours reflects 3 different distance thresholds of 250, 500 and 1000 km.https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/newhebrides-newbritain-subduction-zone-initiation.pngNewHebrides-NewBritain--Subduction-zone-initiationSchematic tectonic reconstruction of the New Hebrides-New Britain SZI event (modified from Schellart et al., 2006 and Holm et al., 2016). The collision of the Ontong Java plateau with the trench of the Melanesian subduction zone is suggested to have caused a flip in subduction polarity, initiating the New Hebrides-New Britain subduction zone. Shown are the new subduction zone (pink line) and other active (solid purple lines) and inactive (dashed purple lines) subduction zones.2025-07-02T11:55:19+00:00monthlyhttps://szidatabase.org/2025/07/02/izu-bonin-mariana-subduction-zone-initiation/https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/szivotemap_izu-bonin-mariana.pngSZI vote Map-Izu-Bonin-MarianaSeismic tomography VoteMap (Shephard et al., 2017) analysis of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana SZI event.https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/izu-bonin-mariana-subduction-zone-initiation.pngIzu-Bonin-Mariana-Subduction-zone-initiationSchematic tectonic reconstruction of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana SZI event (modified from Lallemand, 2016). A plate reorganisation, possibly due to the arrival of the Izanagi ridge at the trench, is suggested to trigger SZI along a pre-existing transform fault in the south, initiating the Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction zone. The orange circle shows the location of the Oki-Daito plume. Shown are the new subduction zone (pink line), other active (solid purple lines) and inactive (dashed purple lines) subduction zones, spreading ridges (solid red lines), and transform faults (red dashed lines).https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/izu-bonin_event_eq.jpgIzu-Bonin_Event_eqIzu-Bonin-Mariana SZI event as reconstructed in the model of Müller et al. (2016). Pink dashed (solid with teeth) line shows the Izu-Bonin-Mariana trench 1 Myr before (at) SZI time in the model. Purple (red) lines show segments of neighbouring subduction zones (ridges and transforms) that lie within some radius of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana trench (pink line); the brightness of the colours reflects 3 different distance thresholds of 250, 500 and 1000 km.2025-07-02T11:53:14+00:00monthlyhttps://szidatabase.org/2025/06/29/halmahera-east-molucca-subduction-zone-initiation/https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/szivotemap_halmahera.pngSZI vote Map-Halmaherahttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/halmahera-subduction-zone-initiation.pngHalmahera-Subduction-zone-initiationhttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/halmahera_event.jpgHalmahera-subduction-initiation-reconstruction-Event2025-07-02T11:46:20+00:00monthlyhttps://szidatabase.org/2025/06/29/anatolia-subduction-zone-initiation/https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/szivotemap_anatolia.pngSZI-voteMap-Anatolia-Subduction-initiationSeismic tomography VoteMap (Shephard et al., 2017) analysis of the Anatolia SZI event.https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/anatolia-oman-subduction-zone-initiation.pngAnatolia-Oman-Subduction-zone-initiationSchematic tectonic reconstruction of the Anatolia SZI event (modified from van Hinsbergen et al., 2019a,b). Shown are the new subduction zone (pink line), other active subduction zones (solid purple lines), and transform faults (red dashed lines).2025-07-02T11:43:57+00:00monthlyhttps://szidatabase.org/2025/07/02/tonga-kermadec-subduction-zone-initiation/https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tongakermadec-subduction-zone-initiation.pngTonga Kermadec-Subduction-zone-initiationSchematic tectonic reconstruction of the Tonga-Kermadec SZI event (modified from Whattam et al., 2008). The collision of the Papua New Guinea continental block with the Loyalty-Three Kings trench is suggested to have caused a flip in subduction polarity, initiating the new Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone, possibly exploiting a weakness due to the presence of an old subduction zone. Shown are the new subduction zone (pink line), other active (solid purple lines) and inactive (dashed purple lines) subduction zones, and spreading ridges (solid red lines).https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tonga-kermadec_event_eq.jpgTonga-Kermadec EventTonga-Kermadec SZI event as reconstructed in the model of Müller et al. (2016). Pink dashed (solid with teeth) line shows the Tonga-Kermadec trench 1 Myr before (at) SZI time in the model. Purple (red) lines show segments of neighbouring subduction zones (ridges and transforms) that lie within some radius of the Tonga-Kermadec trench (pink line); the brightness of the colours reflects 3 different distance thresholds of 250, 500 and 1000 km.https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/szivotemap_tonga-kermadec.pngSZI vote Map Tonga-KermadecSeismic tomography VoteMap (Shephard et al., 2017) analysis of the Tonga-Kermadec SZI event.2025-07-02T11:40:52+00:00monthlyhttps://szidatabase.org/2025/07/02/sunda-java-subduction-zone-initiation/https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/szivotemap_sunda-java.pngSZI vote Map Sunda-JavaSeismic tomography VoteMap (Shephard et al., 2017) analysis of the Sunda-Java SZI event.https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/sundajava-subduction-zone-initiation.pngSunda Java-Subduction-zone-initiationSchematic tectonic reconstruction of the Sunda-Java SZI event (modified from Hall, 2012). Subduction of the Indo-Australian plate at the Sundaland margin has been episodically ongoing since >100 Ma. The most recent episode occurred at ca. 40–60 Ma and it initiated the new Sunda-Java subduction zone. Shown are the new subduction zone (pink line), other active (solid purple lines) and inactive (dashed purple lines) subduction zones, spreading ridges (solid red lines), and transform faults (red dashed lines).https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/sunda-java_event_eq.jpgSunda-Java EventSunda-Java SZI event as reconstructed in the model of Müller et al. (2016). Pink dashed (solid with teeth) line shows the Sunda-Java trench 1 Myr before (at) SZI time in the model. Purple (red) lines show segments of neighbouring subduction zones (ridges and transforms) that lie within some radius of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana trench (pink line); the brightness of the colours reflects 3 different distance thresholds of 250, 500 and 1000 km. KSZ: Kalimantan subduction zone.2025-07-02T11:35:16+00:00monthlyhttps://szidatabase.org/2025/07/02/south-sandwich-subduction-zone-initiation/https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/szivotemap_southsandwich.pngSZI vote Map South SandwichSeismic tomography VoteMap (Shephard et al., 2017) analysis of the South Sandwich SZI event.https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/southsandwich-subduction-zone-initiation.pngSouth Sandwich-Subduction-zone-initiationSchematic tectonic reconstruction of the South Sandwich SZI event (modified from Dalziel et al., 2013b). The arrival of the Chile ridge at the South America trench might have triggered a flip in subduction polarity, but the South Sandwich subduction zone is suggested to have initiated as a newly destructive boundary. Shown are the new subduction zone (pink line), other active subduction zones (solid purple lines), spreading ridges (solid red lines), and transform faults (red dashed lines).https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/south-sandwich_event_eq.jpgSouth-Sandwich EventSouth Sandwich SZI event as reconstructed in the model of Müller et al. (2016). Pink dashed (solid with teeth) line shows the South Sandwich trench 1 Myr before (at) SZI time in the model. Purple (red) lines show segments of neighbouring subduction zones (ridges and transforms) that lie within some radius of the South Sandwich trench (pink line); the brightness of the colours reflects 3 different distance thresholds of 250, 500 and 1000 km. Abbreviations: CSS = Central Scotia Sea Plate; ECZ = Endurance Collision Zone.2025-07-02T11:30:14+00:00monthlyhttps://szidatabase.org/2025/07/02/ryukyu-subduction-zone-initiation/https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/szivotemap_ryukyu.pngSZI vote Map RyukyuSeismic tomography VoteMap (Shephard et al., 2017) analysis of the Ryukyu SZI event.https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/ryukyu-subduction-zone-initiation.pngRyukyu-Subduction-zone-initiationSchematic tectonic reconstruction of the Ryukyu SZI event (modified from Faccenna et al., 2018). A slab break-off event caused a pause in arc activity. Subduction of the Philippine Sea plate started again along the same margin, initiating the new Ryukyu subduction zone. Shown are the new subduction zone (pink line), other active (solid purple lines) and inactive (dashed purple lines) subduction zones, and spreading ridges (solid red lines).2025-07-02T11:22:43+00:00monthlyhttps://szidatabase.org/2025/07/02/philippine-subduction-zone-initiation/https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/szivotemap_philippine.pngSZI vote Map-PhilippineSeismic tomography VoteMap (Shephard et al., 2017) analysis of the Philippine SZI event.https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/philippine-subduction-zone-initiation.pngPhilippine-Subduction-zone-initiationSchematic tectonic reconstruction of the Philippine SZI event (modified from Hall, 1996 and Wu et al., 2016). The collision of the Palawan continental block with the trench of the east-dipping subduction of the Eurasia plate below the Philippine Sea Plate is suggested to have caused a flip in subduction polarity, initiating the new Philippine subduction zone. Shown are the new subduction zone (pink line) and other active (solid purple lines) and inactive (dashed purple lines) subduction zones.https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/philippine_event_eq.jpgPhilippine-EventPhilippine SZI event as reconstructed in the model of Müller et al. (2016). Pink dashed (solid with teeth) line shows the Philippine trench 1 Myr before (at) SZI time in the model. Purple (red) lines show segments of neighbouring subduction zones (ridges and transforms) that lie within some radius of the Philippine trench (pink line); the brightness of the colours reflects 3 different distance thresholds of 250, 500 and 1000 km.2025-07-02T11:18:14+00:00monthlyhttps://szidatabase.org/2025/07/02/oman-subduction-zone-initiation/https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/szivotemap_oman-arabia-e-w.pngSZI vote Map Oman-Arabia-E-WSeismic tomography VoteMap (Shephard et al., 2017) analysis of the Oman SZI event.https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/anatolia-oman-subductionzone-initiation.pngAnatolia-Oman-subductionzone-initiationSchematic tectonic reconstruction of the Oman SZI event (modified from van Hinsbergen et al., 2019a,b). Shown are the new subduction zone (pink line), other active subduction zones (solid purple lines), and transform faults (red dashed lines).2025-07-02T10:04:51+00:00monthlyhttps://szidatabase.org/2025/07/02/lesser-antilles-subduction-zone-initiation/https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/szivotemap_lesser_antilles.pngSZI vote Map-Lesser-AntillesSeismic tomography VoteMap (Shephard et al., 2017) analysis of the Lesser Antilles SZI event.https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/lesserantilles-subduction-zone-initiation.pngLesser Antilles-Subduction-zone-initiationSchematic tectonic reconstruction of the Lesser Antilles SZI event (modified from van Benthem et al., 2013 and Boschman et al., 2014). Subduction of the North and South America plates beneath the Caribbean plate was probably already active earlier on. At 58–39 Ma, subduction jumped eastwards, creating the new Lesser Antilles subduction zone. Shown are the new subduction zone (pink line), other active (solid purple lines) and inactive (dashed purple lines) subduction zones, and transform faults (red dashed lines).https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/lesser-antilles_event_eq.jpgLesser-Antilles_Event_eqLesser Antilles SZI event as reconstructed in the model of Müller et al. (2016). Pink dashed (solid with teeth) line shows the Lesser Antilles trench 1 Myr before (at) SZI time in the model. Purple (red) lines show segments of neighbouring subduction zones (ridges and transforms) that lie within some radius of the Lesser Antilles trench (pink line); the brightness of the colours reflects 3 different distance thresholds of 250, 500 and 1000 km.2025-07-02T10:00:50+00:00monthlyhttps://szidatabase.org/2025/06/29/cascadia-subduction-zone-initiation/https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/szivotemap_cascadia.pngSZI vote Map-Cascadiahttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/cascadia-subduction-zone-initiation.pngCascadia-Subduction-zone-initiation2025-06-29T13:05:50+00:00monthlyhttps://szidatabase.org/2025/06/29/aleutian-subduction-zone-initiation/https://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/szivotemap_aleutian.pngSZI-voteMap-Aleutian-Subduction-initiationhttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/aleutian_event.jpgAleutian subduction initiation reconstructionhttps://szidatabase.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/aleutian-subduction-zone-initiation.pngAleutian-Subduction-zone-initiationSchematic tectonic reconstruction of the Aleutian SZI event (modified from Domeier et al., 2017). The collision of the Olutorsky arc with the trench of the south-dipping subduction of the Eurasia plate below the Pacific Plate is suggested to have caused a flip in subduction polarity, initiating the new Aleutian subduction zone. Shown are the new subduction zone (pink line), other active (solid purple lines) and inactive (dashed purple lines) subduction zones, spreading ridges (solid red lines), and transform faults (red dashed lines).2025-06-29T08:30:27+00:00monthlyhttps://szidatabase.org/subduction-zone-initiation-events/2025-06-28T11:05:57+00:00weekly0.6https://szidatabase.orgdaily1.02025-07-12T08:38:03+00:00